Let's define autism
What is autism
Autism Defined
Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control, autism affects an estimated 1 in 36 children and 1 in 45 adults in the United States today.
If you have met one kid with autism, then you have met one kid with autism.
Autism looks different for everyone, and each person with autism has a distinct set of strengths and challenges. Some autistic people can speak, while others are nonverbal or minimally verbal and communicate in other ways. Some have intellectual disabilities, while some do not. Some require significant support in their daily lives, while others need less support and, in some cases, live entirely independently.
On average, autism is diagnosed around age 5 in the U.S., with signs appearing by age 2 or 3. Current diagnostic guidelines in the DSM-5-TR break down the ASD diagnosis into three levels based on the amount of support a person might need: level 1, level 2, and level 3.
Numerous individuals with autism encounter additional medical, behavioral, or mental health challenges that impact their quality of life.
Among the most common co-occurring conditions are:
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- anxiety and depression
- gastrointestinal (GI) disorders
- seizures and sleep disorders
Get It Early
Autism can affect anyone, regardless of their sex, age, race, or ethnicity. However, research from the CDC indicates that boys receive autism diagnoses four times more frequently than girls. According to the DSM-5-TR, the diagnostic manual for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), autism may manifest differently in girls and boys. Girls may exhibit more subtle symptoms, fewer social and communication difficulties, and fewer repetitive behaviors. As a result, their symptoms may go unnoticed by healthcare professionals, often resulting in underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Obtaining a diagnosis can also be challenging for autistic adults, who frequently learn to “mask” or conceal their autism symptoms.
Autism is a lifelong condition, and the needs, strengths, and challenges of an autistic individual may evolve over time. As they progress through various life stages, they may require different forms of support and accommodations. Early intervention and therapies can significantly impact a person’s skills and future outcomes.